SQLstream Objects
SQLstream Objects
Repository Objects
The following objects are defined within the s-Server Repository and are not associated with a schema:
- Catalog. A SQLstream catalog is the highest level repository object; it contains metadata and state information for the catalog objects (including streams, pumps and adapters) that comprise a SQLstream Repository.
- Foreign Data Wrappers. These “wrap” external data sources or sinks to make them look like part of s-Server. One common use of these in s-Server is “adapters”, which are fundamentally pieces of Java code that plug in to the server and adapt outside data to make it look as if it were inside.
- Server Object. A named catalog object that defines a particular named use of a foreign or local data wrapper, including as options any information needed to connect to the data source. This could be an external database, the location of a network feed, or the location of a log file. Note: The SQL standard refers to this as a foreign server when using a foreign data wrapper.
Catalog Objects
The following sections briefly describe each of the object types contained in a SQLstream catalog.
- Schema. A named catalog object containing the definitions of the schema objects listed below
Schema Objects
The following objects must be defined within schemas:
- Stream. A relation that does not store data, as a finite relation does. Instead, a stream implements a publish-subscribe protocol. It can be written to by multiple writers and read from by multiple readers.
- Foreign Stream. A stream associated with a server, which itself is an instance of a foreign data wrapper to provide access within SQLstream to a flow of data either from or to an external system. Foreign streams can be sources–which read from external sources–or sinks–which write to external sources.
- Foreign Table. A schema object that records the metadata necessary for SQLstream s-Server to be able to access a table (or similar data structure) in a remote database. A foreign table can be used in SQL (both queries and updates) just like a native table.
- View. A relation that provides a reusable definition of a query. SQLstream supports views based on both streaming and non-streaming (finite) SELECT statements.
- User-Defined Routine. This is any user-defined program object, the generic term for a user-defined function, user-defined procedure or user-defined transform.
- Pump. An object that provides a continuously running INSERT INTO stream SELECT … FROM query functionality, thereby enabling the results of a query to enter a named stream.
- JAR. A reference to an external library (for example, a Java JAR file) that contains code referenced by a User-Defined Routine.
The following table briefly lists the differences between user-defined functions, procedures, and transforms:
Type of UD |
Created by |
Accepts |
Returns |
Comments |
User-Defined Function (UDF) |
CREATE FUNCTION |
Zero or more parameters |
a scalar value |
A UDF is used in a scalar expression; it takes (0 .. n) scalar arguments and returns a scalar value. When used in a query, a scalar expression is evaluated for each row. SQLstream allows the creation of Java or SQL functions. |
User-Defined Procedure (UDP) |
CREATE PROCEDURE |
Zero or more parameters |
no return value |
A UDP is just a UDF that returns no value; it is evaluated for a side effect. |
User-Defined Transform (UDX) |
CREATE FUNCTION |
Zero or more relations |
a streaming relation |
A UDX is different: its output is a stream of rows, and its inputs can be scalars or be streams. In SQL, a streaming argument to a UDX is represented as CURSOR(SELECT STREAM …) and a scalar is represented by any scalar expression. The invocation of a UDX is quite often preceded by the keyword TABLE (for a finite UDX) or STREAM (for a streaming UDX). For example: SELECT STREAM * FROM STREAM( filterSignal( CURSOR( SELECT STREAM * FROM “RawSignals”))); |